Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer of certain blood cells. MM often returns after treatment, and most people survive only 5 to 8 years after diagnosis. To improve survival, researchers need to find ways to identify returning disease earlier. Objective: To find out if the radiotracer 18F-fluciclovine (a substance injected into the blood during imaging scans) is better at detecting MM than the one (18F-FDG) currently used for this purpose. Eligibility: Adults aged 18 years or older with MM. The MM may be newly diagnosed (NDMM); or it may have returned or failed to respond after at least 1 prior line of treatment (RRMM). Design: Participants will be screened. They will have blood tests. They will have a positron emission tomography (PET) or computed tomography (CT) scan using 18F-FDG. The radiotracer will be injected into a vein. Then participants will lie on a table while the PET/CT scan takes images of their body. All participants will have 3 study visits. During each visit they will have: Two PET/CT scans. One with 18F-FDG, one with 18F-fluciclovine. An optional magnetic resonance imaging scan. A bone marrow biopsy. An area on the hip will be numbed; a needle will be inserted to draw out a sample of the soft tissue from inside the bone. These tests may be spread over 30 days for each visit. NDMM participants will have their second study visit 2 to 4 weeks after they complete their usual treatment for the disease. RRMM participants will have their second visit 6 months after their first. All participants will have a third study visit after 5 years or when their disease progresses.

Type: Interventional

Start Date: Mar 2024

open study

Background: The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph through the body. Problems in the lymphatic system can cause pain, fluid buildup, and issues with immunity. There is much researchers do not understand about lymphatic anomalies. In this natural history study, they will collect data from a lot of people over a long time. Objective: To better understand why lymphatic anomalies develop. The goal is to improve future treatments. Eligibility: People aged 0 days and older with a suspected or confirmed lymphatic anomaly. Their unaffected parents or siblings aged 7 years or older are also needed. Design: Participants may remain in the study indefinitely. Affected participants may be evaluated every 10 months to 2 years. Some participants will be seen over telemedicine. Others will be seen at the NIH Clinical Center for 2-5 days. All participants will have a physical exam. They may provide specimens including blood, saliva, hair follicles, stool, skin, and other tissues. Samples may be used for genetic testing. Participants may undergo other tests depending on their medical conditions. The NIH Clinical Center visit may include: Heart tests include placing stickers on the chest to measure electrical activity and using sound waves to capture pictures of the heart. A lung test measures the muscle strength in the chest. Participants will blow into a tube. Photographs may be taken of participants faces and other features. Imaging scans will take pictures of the inside of the body. One scan will measure bone density. One type of scan tracks how lymph fluid moves through the body. Participants will be under anesthesia, and they will be injected with a dye.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Mar 2023

open study

Background: Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder. People with FA are more likely to get certain cancers, especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These cancers usually appear first in the mouth, esophagus, and genital and anal areas. Early detection of SCCs may help improve survival rates for people with FA. Objective: This natural history study will regularly screen people with FA for SCC. Eligibility: People aged 12 years and older with FA or a prior cancer diagnosis. Children aged 8 to 11 years with FA may also be eligible. Design: Participants will receive a comprehensive screening for cancer or early signs of cancer. Participants will have a physical exam. They will provide blood and saliva samples. Cells will be collected by rubbing a swab on the inside of the cheeks. A skin sample may be removed from the back, buttocks, or inside of the upper arm. Participants will have pictures taken of their mouth. Any mouth sores will be mapped. Cells will be collected from the sores with a small brush. Specialists will examine the participant s ears, nose, throat, teeth, and skin. Adult participants may have a gastrointestinal exam or pelvic exam. Participants may have an endoscopy. A long tube with a camera and a light will be inserted through the mouth and down into the stomach. Participants may have a liver ultrasound. A wand will be pressed against their belly to get pictures of the organs inside the body. Participants will have screenings every year for up to 10 years. Each visit will last up to 3 days. They will have remote follow-up visits every 6 - 8 months....

Type: Observational

Start Date: Mar 2023

open study

Background: - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a severe viral infection of the brain. It is caused by JC virus. Many people have this virus in their bodies all their life, but it is usually kept in check by their immune system. If the immune system does not work right because of a disease or medication, the virus becomes active and can damage cells in the brain. Not much is known about PML or how it affects the immune system. Researchers want to study people with PML to better understand the natural history of the disease. Objectives: - To study the natural history of PML. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 2 years of age who have PML. Design: - Participants will be screened with a physical exam, medical history, and imaging studies. - Participants will have several visits to the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center. There will be an initial visit, monthly visits for the next 6 months, a 12-month visit, and possible visits afterward. - At the initial visit, participants will give blood, urine, and spinal fluid samples. They will also have neurological tests and imaging studies of the brain. - For the next five visits, participants will give blood and urine samples. They will also have neurological tests and imaging studies of the brain. - The 6-month and 12-month visits will repeat the tests from the initial visit. - Other optional procedures include bone marrow samples and skin biopsies. Additional blood tests and imaging studies may be performed. - Treatment will not be provided as part of this study.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Nov 2012

open study

Background: About 5 million adults in the United States have age-related brain disorders. These include Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and other dementias. The number of people with these disorders will likely increase as the population ages and life span increases. Inflammation is thought to play a role in AD and MCI. Researchers want to know if an enzyme called PDE4B increases inflammation in people with AD or MCI. Objective: To test whether medical imaging using a new radiotracer ([18F]PF-06445974) can measure PDE4B in the brains of people with AD or MCI. Eligibility: People aged 50 years and older with AD or MCI. Healthy volunteers are also needed. Design: Participants will have up to 5 clinic visits with 3 imaging scans of the brain. They will have be screened. They will have a physical exam with blood tests. This will include tests of their heart and nerve function, including memory. Participants will have 2 positron emission tomography (PET) scans. One will use a standard radiotracer. The other will use the study radiotracer. They will receive each tracer through a tube attached to a needle inserted into a vein. During the scan with the study tracer, participants will have a second tube inserted into a vein in the wrist; this tube will be used to draw blood during the scan. Participants will lie on a bed that slides into a doughnut-shaped machine. These visits will take about 6 hours each. Participants will have 1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. They will lie on a bed that slides into a cylinder. This visit will take up to 2 hours....

Type: Interventional

Start Date: Jul 2026

open study

Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are disorders of blood stem cells that can develop into blood cancers. Treatment options are limited. To find better treatments, researchers need to better understand how MDS develops. To do that, they must be able to compare biospecimens from people with the disease to those of healthy people. Objective: This study will create a database of biospecimens collected from healthy volunteers. Eligibility: Healthy people aged 18 and older. Design: Participants will be screened. They will have a physical exam with blood and urine tests. Up to 5 types of samples will be collected on 1 or more days within 1 month of screening: Blood: Blood will be drawn by inserting a needle into a vein. Saliva: Participants will scrape the insides of their cheeks with a brush. Stool: Participants will be given a container to collect stool at home. They will use a prepaid envelope to mail in the sample. Bone marrow: A sample of the soft tissue inside the bones will be drawn out. The area to be biopsied, usually the lower back, will be numbed. A needle will be inserted through a small cut to remove the sample. Participants' pain will be monitored; additional numbing medicine may be used. Skin: A piece of skin about 1/6 of an inch across will be cut away. Stitches may be used to close the wound. Participants will return to the clinic to have the stitches removed. Participants do not have to provide all of the samples listed. They will give each sample only once.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Jan 2023

open study

Background: Hereditary hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disabilities affecting newborns. The main options for people with hereditary hearing loss are hearing aids and cochlear implants. Both options have their limitations and do not restore biological hearing. Researchers want to learn if gene editing might be a treatment option. Objective: To understand the genes that cause non-syndromic autosomal dominant hearing loss (DFNA) in people with DFNA as well as their family members. Eligibility: People age 3 99 who have DFNA, affected family members of enrolled participants with DFNA, and unaffected family members of enrolled participants Design: Participants will be screened with a medical and hearing history. Their medical records will be reviewed. Participants will have hearing tests. They will wear headphones or earplugs. They will listen to tones, sounds, and words and may be asked to describe what they hear. Participants will have balance tests. For these, they will wear googles as they watch moving lights or as cold or warm air is blown into their ears. They will sit in a spinning chair in a quiet, dark booth. From a reclined position, they will raise their head while listening to clicking sounds. Participants will have blood drawn through a needle in the arm. Some blood will be used for gene testing. Some participants will have 2 skin biopsies. The skin will be washed, and a numbing medicine will be injected. Two small pieces of skin will be removed. Participants may have a physical exam. Participation will last for up to 20 years. Participants may give medical updates once a year.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Feb 2021

open study

Background: Research studies have shown that genetic changes and family history may increase a man s risk for prostate cancer. Researchers want to follow the prostate health of men who have specific genetic changes associated with prostate cancer to help them learn more about which men are at higher risk for prostate cancer. Objectives: To study men with specific genetic changes and determine who is at higher risk for getting prostate cancer. To study if certain genetic changes and family history can be used to help prevent or treat prostate cancer. Eligibility: Males between ages 30-75 who have one or more specific genetic changes but without prostate cancer. Design: - This study does not perform genetic testing. All participants must have documented genetic changes and able to provide a copy of the report. - Before enrollment, participants will provide a copy of documented genetic changes and go through a telephone interview to determine eligibility for the study. - On enrollment, participants will have medical and family history review, medication review, physical exam, blood collection for clinical and research testing, and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the prostate. - Every year, participants will repeat the physical exam, medical history, family history, medication review, routine blood tests, including PSA and testosterone. - Every 2 years, participants will repeat all the above plus prostate MRI and blood tests for research. - If, at any time, the physical exam, blood tests or MRI are abnormal, participants may be asked to do a biopsy. - If the biopsy results in prostate cancer, participants will be given counseling on next steps, general treatment recommendations, and then followed with a phone call each year. - Participants may ask to speak with a genetic counselor.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Mar 2019

open study

Background: People who have had an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT), cellular therapy (CT), or gene therapy (GT) have bone marrow or an immune system that is damaged. They get stem cells from a donor who is a relative. Researchers want to study stem cell donors and recipients to learn about the long-term effects of HCT, CT, or GT. They want to learn how the stem cells change and how to improve their ability to fight cancer. Objective: To provide long-term follow-up care for people who underwent or will undergo HCT, CT, or GT. To collect data, blood, and tissue samples to learn about late complications after HCT, CT, or GT. Eligibility: Adults age 18 and older who will undergo HCT or underwent HCT, Cellular Therapy (CT), or Gene Therapy (GT) and are surviving one year or more from the date of therapy. The stem cell donors for these recipients are also needed. Design: Recipients will have 1 visit each year. They will have a physical exam. They will answer questions about their medical history and health. They will receive screening and surveillance testing. They will complete brief questionnaires. Recipients will have blood tests. They may have tissue biopsies or specimens (such as tissue in their cheek or skin or bone marrow biopsy). Recipients will give their current address and phone number, and the same data for one or two other people, who can get in contact with them. After the first visit at the clinic, some recipients may see a doctor close to home to get the necessary information and send it to NIH. Donors will come to the clinic for 1 visit. They will answer questions about their medical history. Blood samples will be taken.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Apr 2017

open study

Background: - Laboratory investigators who are studying common childhood cancers are interested in developing a tissue repository to collect and store blood, serum, tissue, urine, or tumors of children who have cancer or adults who have common childhood cancers. To develop this repository, additional samples will be collected from children and adults who have been diagnosed with common childhood cancers such as leukemia and tumors of the central nervous system. Objectives: - To collect and store blood, serum, tissue, urine, or tumor samples of children who have cancer or adults who have common childhood cancers. Eligibility: - Individuals who have been diagnosed with a common childhood cancer (e.g., leukemia) regardless of patient age. - Children, adolescents, and adults who have been diagnosed with a type of cancer more commonly found in adults. Design: - Extra blood, serum (the liquid part of blood), tissue, urine, or tumor samples will be collected from participants at a time when sampling is required for medical care or as part of a research study. - No additional procedures will be performed for the sole purpose of obtaining additional tumor tissue, aside from what is required for clinical care.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Apr 2010

open study

Background: Lung transplants can save lives, but the procedure has risks. Some people develop donor-specific antibodies (DSA) after the procedure-that is, their bodies create proteins that treat the new lungs as foreign and mount an immune response against them. This is called rejection. But not everyone who has a transplant develops DSA, and not everyone who has DSA develops rejection. Researchers want to understand why. Objective: To collect data to try to find out why some people develop rejection after lung transplants while others do not. Eligibility: People aged 18 to 75 years who have progressive lung disease or undergone or may undergo a lung transplant. Design: Participants will have clinic visits every 3 to 6 months for up to 4 years. Some visits might require an overnight stay. Each visit will include multiple tests and procedures: Physical exam with blood and urine tests. Some blood will be used for genetic testing. Imaging scans. Participants will have 2 types of scan to get images of their lungs. For one, they will have a contrast agent given through a tube inserted into a vein. Six-minute walk test. Participants will walk back and forth in a hallway at their own pace. Researchers will check on how their body responds. Lung function test. Participants will breathe into a tube connected to a machine. Two other tests are optional: Bronchoscopy with washings (lavage). A long tube with a light will be threaded down through the participant s nose or mouth and into their lungs. Endomicroscopy. During the bronchoscopy a tiny camera may be used to take pictures inside the lungs. ...

Type: Observational

Start Date: May 2026

open study

Background: Childhood-onset essential hypertension (COEH) is high blood pressure that develops in children and teens. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease. COEH is more likely to be caused by changes in genes rather than by factors like stress or diet. Researchers want to learn more about how changes in genes relate to COEH. They hope to use that information to develop better treatments for children with high blood pressure. Objective: This natural history study will look for genes and gene changes that may lead to COEH. Eligibility: People aged 2 years and older with COEH or who had COEH when they were children. Healthy relatives of those with COEH are also needed. Design: Participants will have one clinic visit per year for up to 10 years. All participants will have a physical exam. They will provide samples of blood and urine. At their first visit, they will have a swab (like a Q-tip) rubbed between their gums and cheeks. They may agree to having a skin biopsy; a piece of skin about the size of a pencil eraser will be removed. Affected participants aged 2 to 17 years old will have additional tests: - They will have sensors placed on their skin to look at their blood vessels and see how blood is moving in their bodies. - They will lie or stand while a machine measures the amount of fat and muscle in their bodies. - They will have an ultrasound; a wand will be rubbed against their skin to take pictures of their kidneys. Other things are optional for all participants: - They may have photographs taken of their bodies. - They may have tests of their heart function. - They may have different types of imaging scans....

Type: Observational

Start Date: May 2025

open study

Background: Irritability can be defined as an unusually strong response to frustration; these responses may include severe temper outbursts and a constant grumpy mood. Irritability is a common symptom of many mental health disorders. Little is known about how the brain responds to frustration, and few treatments are available for this problem. Researchers want to know more about how the brain responds to frustration. Objective: To learn how the brain responds to frustration. Eligibility: Healthy adults aged 18 to 55 years. They must have been screened through studies 01-M-0254 or 17-M-0181. Design: Participants will have up to 3 study visits in 2 months. Each visit will last up to 4 hours. Visit 1: Participants will be screened. They will have a physical exam. They will complete questionnaires about how often and how easily they get angry or grumpy. They will be trained to use a device that measures hand grip. Visit 2: Participants will have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. They will lie on a table that slides into a tube. Padding will hold their head still. Visit 3: Participants will undergo magnetoencephalography (MEG). A cone with detectors will be lowered over their head while they are seated. The MEG will measure the magnetic fields in the participant s brain both while they are resting and while they are doing the frustration task. For the task, they will hold a grip device in each hand. They will use the devices to pick 1 of 2 doors on a computer screen. The task has 3 parts. The participant s face will be filmed during this task.

Type: Interventional

Start Date: Feb 2025

open study

Background: X-linked hyper-IgM (HIGM) syndrome is caused by a mutation in the CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene. People with this disease have white blood cells that do not work properly. These people are at risk of severe infections and autoimmune diseases. Researchers want to know if these base-edited stem cells and T cells can help people with CD40L-HIGM syndrome. Objective: To test base-edited stem cells and base-edited T cells in 1 person with CD40L-HIGM syndrome. Eligibility: A single male with CD40L-HIGM syndrome. Design: A single participant is planned to receive a single dose of edited stem cells and supportive treatment with edited T cells. Participant stem and T cells will undergo base editing to repair the mutation. In preparation for the gene therapy, the participant will receive busulfan chemotherapy and alemtuzumab. After treatment, the participant will have follow-up visits every few months in the first 2 years after treatment. Long-term visits will continue annually for 15 years.

Type: Interventional

Start Date: Jul 2025

open study

Background: Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) gene regulates the formation of blood cells. People with mutations of this gene may bleed or bruise easily; they are also at higher risk of getting cancers of the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Objective: The purpose of the study includes determining which dose of imatinib is best for people with pathogenic or likely pathogenic RUNX1 mutations without blood cancers, and to determine whether there are any changes in platelet function and inflammatory markers. Eligibility: Adults aged 18 and older with RUNX1 mutations. Healthy people without this mutation, including family members of affected participants, are also needed. Design: Participants with the RUNX1 mutation will be screened. They will have a physical exam with blood tests. They will have a test of their heart function. They may need a new bone marrow biopsy if they haven't had one in the past year. Imatinib is a tablet taken by mouth once a day, every day, at home. Affected participants in different parts of the study will take imatinib for either 28 days or up to 84 days. They will fill out questionnaires about how they are feeling. For the first part of the study, participants will have blood tests every 2 weeks, either at home or at the NIH, while they are taking the imatinib. They will have a follow up visit, at home or at the NIH, when they are done taking imatinib on Day 28. Participants on the second part of the study will come to NIH on days 1 and days 84. They will have blood tests every 2 weeks (at home or the NIH) while they are taking imatinib. They may opt to have a bone marrow biopsy repeated after they finish their course of imatinib. Participants will have a follow-up visit (at home or the NIH) 30 days after they stop taking imatinib. Participants who do not have the RUNX1 mutation will have 1 clinic visit. They will have blood tests. They will fill out questionnaires. They may opt to have a bone marrow biopsy....

Type: Interventional

Start Date: Dec 2023

open study

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs when the blockage of the airway causes a person to stop breathing involuntarily for 10 seconds or more throughout the night during sleep. Pediatric OSA can be especially concerning and can have long-term effects. Researchers want to see how a monitoring device called near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) compares with the traditional techniques used in children s sleep studies. Objective: To learn about oxygen levels in the brain and limbs in children with and without sleep apnea using a wearable, point-of-care biosensor. Eligibility: Children aged 3-12 who have OSA and plan to receive treatment (OSA group) or who do not have OSA (NORM group). Design: Participants will be screened with a review of their medical records. If they have taken part in other NIH studies, that data will be reviewed as well. Participants in the NORM group will have 1 overnight study visit. Those in the OSA group will have 2 overnight study visits. Participants will do an overnight sleep study. They will have a physical exam and medical history. They will have a sleep study electroencephalography (EEG). For this, electrodes will be placed on their head. They will wear a gauze cap to keep the electrodes in place. Two NIRS probes made of a soft silicon will be placed on their forehead and arm. They will follow their normal bedtime routine. Their parent will stay overnight. The OSA group will have a second study visit 2 weeks to 12 months after they start treatment for their sleep apnea. They will repeat the sleep study.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Aug 2022

open study

Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a rare chronic liver disease. It affects the bile ducts of the liver. It can result in bile duct infections, cirrhosis, cancer, and end stage liver disease. Researchers want to learn more about this disease. Objective: To understand the biological causes of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Eligibility: Adults age 18 and older who have primary sclerosing cholangitis. Design: Participants will be screened with a medical history, physical exam, and blood tests. Participants will give blood, saliva, urine, and stool samples. They will have nasal swabs. They will complete surveys. Participants will get an intravenous (IV) catheter. A plastic tube is inserted into an arm vein. Participants will have a colonoscopy. A tube with a video camera at the end is inserted into the rectum. Participants will have an upper endoscopy. A scope with a light and camera at its tip is used to look inside the upper digestive tract. Participants will have a liver biopsy, entering through the chest wall or a neck vein. Blood is drawn from a blood vessel that carries blood to the liver. A liver tissue sample is taken. Participants will have magnetic resonance imaging or spectroscopy. They will get a contrast agent through an IV. Participants may have an optional bone marrow aspiration. A large needle is inserted into the hip to withdraw marrow. Participants will have a liver ultrasound. Participants will complete a 3-day food diary. They will have a nutrition assessment. Participants may give contact details for people who live with them, to also take part in this study. Participation will last for 12 months.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Mar 2023

open study

Background: In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), fat accumulates in the liver and can cause damage. Researchers want to learn what causes the damage NAFLD, and to see if a medication can help. Objective: To find out how the liver in people with NAFLD responds to feeding, and how this relates to their response to the drug semaglutide. Eligibility: People with NAFLD and healthy volunteers ages 18 and older Design: Participants will be screened with: Medical history Physical exam Blood tests Imaging: A machine will take pictures of the participant s body. Within 2-8 weeks of enrollment, participants will stay in the clinic for several days. This includes: Blood, urine, heart, and imaging tests For NAFLD participants only: A needle-like device will remove a small biopsy of the liver and fatty tissue. Participants will be alone in a special room for 5 hours. They will breathe through a tube under the nostrils. They will have blood drawn several times. The baseline visit concludes participation for healthy volunteers but NAFLD participants will contine. About 6 weeks after discharge, participants will stay in the clinic again and repeat the tests. They will get their first semaglutide dose by injection. Participants will have visits weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 of treatment. Visits include blood tests. Participants will inject semaglutide once a week at home. At week 30, participants will stay in the clinic again and repeat the tests. Participants will have a final visit 12 weeks after stopping treatment. This includes blood and urine tests. ...

Type: Interventional

Start Date: Jul 2019

open study

Background: Heart disease is a leading cause of death. People can reduce their heart disease risk by exercising more. Mobile health technology may make people more successful at increasing their exercise. This includes things like physical activity monitors and smartphone apps. Objective: To find out if mobile health technology can increase physical activity. Eligibility: African American women ages 21-75 who: - Are overweight or obese - Live in certain areas near Washington, DC - Have a smartphone that can use the study app Design: At visit 1, participants will - Answer survey questions. These may be about medical history, physical activity, and weight. They may also cover body image, health perception, and spirituality. - Have body size measured and get blood tests - Get a device to wear on the wrist. It will record physical activity and hours of sleep. - Learn how to download and use the study mobile app For 2 weeks, researchers will collect data about participants physical activity. Then participants will have a study visit with additional blood tests. All participants will get messages from the app that encourage exercise. Some participants will get data from the app about exercise near their home or work. Some participants may get face-to-face coaching. Participants may get wireless devices. These measure body weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Participants can measure these at home and upload the data to the app for the study. Participants will have visits after 3 and 6 months. They will repeat the visit 1 tests. ...

Type: Interventional

Start Date: Jun 2018

open study

Background: - Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine) is an anti-inflammatory drug that is used to treat some autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. This drug can damage the retina by causing a condition called Plaquenil-induced retinal toxicity, which may lead to vision loss. However, most people taking Plaquenil do not develop this problem. Researchers are interested in studying whether differences in a person's genes explain why some people develop Plaquenil-induced retinal toxicity while others do not. Objectives: - To investigate possible correlations between certain genes or genetic mutations and Plaquenil-induced retinal toxicity. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who have previously used Plaquenil. - History of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or Sjogren's syndrome. - Both individuals who have and have not developed Plaquenil-induced retinal toxicity will be eligible for this study. Design: - The study requires five annual outpatient visits to the NIH Clinical Center. - Participants will provide a personal and family medical history, and will have a full eye examination. - Participants will also provide blood samples for genetic analysis, including whole exome and whole genome sequencing. - No treatment will be provided as part of this protocol.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Aug 2010

open study

Background: Anxiety disorders are becoming more common among children and teenagers. Anxiety can lead to long-term physical and mental problems, such as depression. Treatments for anxiety disorders include medications as well as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); CBT is a form of talking therapy. Both approaches work in only about 50 percent of cases. A new approach, called gaze-contingent music reward therapy (GCMRT), may help. Objective: To find out whether GCMRT combined with CBT is more effective than CBT alone. Eligibility: Children aged 8 to 17 years with separation anxiety disorder; generalized anxiety disorder; or social anxiety disorder. They must be enrolled in protocol 01-M-0192. Design: Participants will come to the clinic once a week for 4 weeks for CBT. Sometimes the participant will meet with the doctor alone; sometimes their parent may be present. They will do some computer-based tasks: They may be asked to push a button when a target appears; they may look at pictures of faces while the computer tracks their eye movements. Participants will take questionnaires each week. They will answer questions about their anxiety symptoms, feelings, and behavior. For the next 8 weeks, participants will participate in both CBT and 1 of 2 types of GCMRT. GCMRT is a computer-based task. Participants will look at pictures with many faces in them; while they do this, pleasant music will play and stop playing over a 12-minute period. Participants will have a final visit in week 13. They will take questionnaires. They will do final research tasks. Each visit lasts about 2 hours.

Type: Interventional

Start Date: Dec 2024

open study

Background: Chronic heavy drinking can cause alcohol use disorder (AUD). AUD changes how the brain works. People with AUD may drink compulsively or feel like they cannot control their alcohol use. Acamprosate is an FDA-approved drug that reduces anxiety and craving in some, but not all, people with AUD. Objective: To learn more about how acamprosate affects brain function in people with AUD. Eligibility: People aged 21 to 65 years with moderate to severe AUD. Design: Participants will stay in the clinic for 21 days after a detoxification period of approximately 7 days. Acamprosate is a capsule taken by mouth. Half of participants will take this drug 3 times a day with meals. The other half will take a placebo. The placebo looks like the study drug but does not contain any medicine. Participants will not know which capsules they are taking. Participants will have a procedure called electroencephalography (EEG): A gel will be applied to certain locations on their scalp, and a snug cap will be placed on their head. The cap has sensors with wires. The sensors detect electrical activity in the brain. Participants will lie still and perform 2 tasks: they will look at different shapes and press a button when they see a specific one; and they will listen to tones and press dedicated buttons when they hear the corresponding tones. Participants will have 2 EEGs: 1 on day 2 and 1 on day 23 of their study participation. They may opt to have up to 4 more EEG studies (one on day 13 and one on each of the three follow-up visits) and 2 sleep studies, in which they would have sensors attached to their scalp while they sleep. Participants may have up to three follow-up visits for 6 months.

Type: Interventional

Start Date: May 2025

open study

Background: Drinking alcohol can lead to swelling and injury in the liver. Long-term heavy drinking may lead to liver disease. Researchers want to study the relationship between a drug called alirocumab, alcohol use, and liver functioning/swelling. Objective: To study the effects of alirocumab in people who drink alcohol. Eligibility: Healthy adults ages 21 to 65 who regularly consume an average of 20 or more drinks per week. Design: Participants will be screened under protocol 14-AA-0181. Participants will get alirocumab or a placebo as an injection under the skin. Participants will give blood and urine samples. They will have physical exams. Participants will have FibroScans . It measures liver and spleen stiffness. Participants will lie on a table. They will expose the lower right and left side of their chest. The machine will send a small vibration to the liver. Participants may have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the liver. The MRI scanner is shaped like a cylinder. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of the scanner. A device called a coil will be placed over their liver. Participants will have a Doppler scan and ultrasound. These tests measure blood flow in the body. Participants will have an electrocardiogram. It measures heart function. Participants will fill out surveys about how they are feeling, their alcohol consumption, and other behaviors. They will complete cognitive tasks on a computer. Participants will meet with a clinician. They will discuss the participant s assessment results, patterns of drinking, and possibly stopping or cutting down on drinking. Participation will last for 8 weeks. Participants will have 9 study visits.

Type: Interventional

Start Date: Oct 2021

open study

Background: Changes to the sense of taste or smell can change eating behavior. This may contribute to obesity. Researchers want to see how taste and smell perceptions that affect food choices may differ between people with obesity and without obesity. Objective: To understand the role that senses of taste and smell play in food intake. Eligibility: Adults ages 18-65 with obesity and without obesity Design: Participants will be screened with a medical history and physical exam. They will have a neurological and sensory exam. They will give blood and urine samples. They will be checked for previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. They will complete questionnaires about their eating habits, alcohol use, and smoking history. Participants will have 2 study visits. Participants will give stool, urine, blood, hair, nasal, and saliva samples. These samples will be used for gene testing. Participants will have their weight, height, and hip and waist circumference measured. They will have an imaging scan that measures body composition. Participants will complete questionnaires about their health, eating habits, and food preferences. Participants will have taste tests and smell tests. They will have sensory tests to assess their response to stimuli. Participants will have a dietary assessment. They will complete a food diary and a diet history questionnaire. Participants will get a meal to eat. Data will be collected about their experience. Participants will complete a sleep diary and wear a watch to measure their activity....

Type: Observational

Start Date: May 2022

open study

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which uses strong magnets to get images of structures inside the body, is a valuable tool in modern medicine. But researchers are always looking for ways to improve this technology. To better understand how to use MRI to diagnose problems, researchers need to collect more data from scans of healthy people. Objective: To get MRI scans of healthy people to improve the measurements doctors can make from the images. Eligibility: People aged 18 years or older in good general health. Design: Participants will be screened. They will have a physical exam focused on their nervous system. They will complete questionnaires. Participants will have at least 1 MRI scan. The target of the scan may be the brain, liver, prostate, breast, or other body part. Before the scan, participants will remove any metallic objects. They will lie on a narrow table that moves into a long, narrow tube. They may have special pads placed around them to help them remain still. Participants will hear loud noises during the scan. They will get earplugs or earmuffs to wear to muffle the sound. They can communicate with the MRI technician and will have an emergency button to squeeze at any time if they want the scan to stop. The scan will take up to 2 hours. Some participants may be asked to perform tasks on a computer screen during the scan. Participants may return for up to 5 scans in 3 months. Some may have as many as 30 MRI visits per year. They may remain in the study for up to 2 years.

Type: Observational

Start Date: Feb 2023

open study