Generalization With AI Navigation Using StaRt

Purpose

Speech Sound Disorder (SSD) affects a significant portion of school-aged children, leading to social and emotional challenges that can persist into adolescence and adulthood. The number of productions necessary for a remediated speech sound to generalize to connected speech is challenging to achieve in practice, leading clinicians to call for accessible, reliable resources allowing children to continue therapy outside of direct clinical interactions. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools hold promise as a means to extend direct service delivery in speech-language pathology, but research investigating the topic has been limited. This study (Generalization with AI Navigation using staRt, or GAINS) will measure the effects of a course of AI-mediated home practice intended to promote generalization of gains made through biofeedback treatment in a related study, Visual-acoustic Intervention with Service Delivery In-person and Via Telepractice Trial (VISIT; NCT06517225).

Condition

  • Speech Sound Disorder

Eligibility

Eligible Ages
Between 9 Years and 17 Years
Eligible Sex
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No

Inclusion Criteria

  • • Must be between 9;0 and 17;11 (years;months) old at the time of enrollment. - Must speak English as the dominant or equally dominant language - Must have begun learning English by age 3, per parent report. - Must hear a rhotic dialect of English from at least one speaker in the home if the home language is English. - Must pass a pure-tone hearing screening. - Must pass a brief examination of oral structure and function. - Must demonstrate age-appropriate receptive and expressive language abilities on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-5 (CELF-5). - Must have access to a laptop or desktop computer for study sessions. - Must have home wifi sufficient to support video calls in the event of randomization to the telepractice condition. - Must have completed participation in the VISIT randomized controlled trial. - Must score at least 60% correct in at least one treatment session during the related previous study, VISIT.

Exclusion Criteria

  • • Must not exhibit voice or fluency disorder of a severity judged likely to interfere with the ability to participate in study activities. - Must not currently have orthodontia that crosses the palate and cannot be removed. - Must not have history of permanent hearing loss. - Must not have an existing diagnosis of developmental disability such as cerebral palsy or Down Syndrome. - Must not have history of major brain injury, surgery, or stroke in the past year. - Must not have epilepsy with active seizure incidents with in the past 6 months. - Must not show clinically significant signs of apraxia of speech or dysarthria.

Study Design

Phase
Phase 2
Study Type
Interventional
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention Model
Parallel Assignment
Intervention Model Description
Participants who meet criteria for inclusion in the GAINS follow-up study will be categorized into low and high severity groups and will be randomized with stratification by severity to the TAU and TAU+AI conditions. Participants will then complete 6 weeks in their randomly assigned condition.
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Masking
Single (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking Description
All perceptual ratings will be obtained from blinded, naive listeners recruited through online crowdsourcing. Following protocols refined in previous published research, binary rating responses will be aggregated over at least 9 unique listeners per token.

Arm Groups

ArmDescriptionAssigned Intervention
Experimental
AI-guided maintenance training with visual-acoustic biofeedback
Participants will receive visual-acoustic biofeedback treatment from a clinician in a private, password-protected WebRTC room.
  • Behavioral: AI-guided maintenance training with visual-acoustic biofeedback
    Participants will complete AI-guided practice in the home setting in which they will interact with a web interface of the staRt web-based software for speech practice. The staRt software will present words to practice and show a real-time visual display of the acoustic signal of speech (biofeedback). On select trials, feedback will be provided by a classifier for children's "r" sounds, PERCEPT. Research assistants will join sessions to facilitate but will not provide direct clinical guidance to participants.
  • Behavioral: Treatment as Usual (TAU)
    Participants will return to their regular community-based care. This may consist of treatment in the school setting or by a private SLP; participants who were not previously receiving treatment may return to a no-treatment condition. Data will be collected from parents/guardians to determine the frequency of treatment, if any, received during this phase.
Active Comparator
Treatment as usual [TAU]
Regular community-based care.
  • Behavioral: Treatment as Usual (TAU)
    Participants will return to their regular community-based care. This may consist of treatment in the school setting or by a private SLP; participants who were not previously receiving treatment may return to a no-treatment condition. Data will be collected from parents/guardians to determine the frequency of treatment, if any, received during this phase.

Recruiting Locations

Montclair State University
Bloomfield, New Jersey 07003
Contact:
Elaine R Hitchcock, Ph
973-229-3797
hitchcocke@montclair.edu

Syracuse University
Syracuse, New York 13244
Contact:
Jonathan L Preston, PhD
315-443-3143
jopresto@syr.edu

More Details

Status
Recruiting
Sponsor
New York University

Study Contact

Tara McAllister, PhD
212-992-9445
tkm214@nyu.edu

Detailed Description

This study will measure the effects of AI-guided home practice as a follow-up to participation in a study of technology-enhanced treatment for speech sound disorder affecting the American English "r" sound. Participants will sign a single consent form that covers their participation in the original VISIT study (in which they are randomized to receive biofeedback treatment in person or via telepractice) and and the follow-up GAINS study (in which participants are randomized to a follow-up period of treatment as usual [TAU] or treatment as usual plus an AI-guided maintenance program with biofeedback [TAU+AI]).We will measure production accuracy at the start and end of GAINS to test our working hypothesis that children/adolescents with speech sound disorder will show higher accuracy in /r/ production after six weeks of TAU+AI than six weeks of TAU alone. All GAINS treatment sessions will be carried out in the home setting using online tools. Pre and post treatment evaluations will be carried out in the laboratory setting.