Binaural Beats Stimulation for Adults With ADHD

Purpose

This study will evaluate the feasibility and potential effects of a six-week, music-based binaural beats stimulation program in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Forty adults with ADHD will be randomly assigned to either a binaural beat stimulation group or a control group. Both groups will attend 12 supervised listening sessions over six weeks and listen to similar music for 20 minutes per session; however, only the intervention group's music will contain embedded binaural beats. Cognitive assessments will be completed before and after the intervention to evaluate changes in attention and memory. Session attendance and participant retention will also be examined to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the program.

Condition

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Eligibility

Eligible Ages
Between 18 Years and 55 Years
Eligible Sex
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No

Inclusion Criteria

  1. Adults aged 18 to 55 years 2. Previous diagnosis of ADHD made by a qualified healthcare professional and ADHD diagnosis supported by the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1) 3. Willing to wear headphones during the listening sessions 4. Able and willing to attend 12 listening sessions conducted twice weekly over six weeks -

Exclusion Criteria

  1. Anticipated absence from the study area for more than seven days during the two-month study period 2. Uncorrectable hearing impairment that would prevent adequate delivery of music through headphones 3. Acute psychiatric condition, such as depression 4. Intellectual or developmental disability that could interfere with study participation 5. Acute medical condition resulting in sensory impairment 6. Initiation of, or a change in dosage of, stimulant, antipsychotic, or analgesic medication within the previous month 7. Anticipated change in stimulant, antipsychotic, or analgesic medication during the study period

Study Design

Phase
N/A
Study Type
Interventional
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention Model
Parallel Assignment
Intervention Model Description
Participants are randomly assigned in parallel to either a six-week music-based binaural beat stimulation intervention or a control condition involving similar music without binaural beats.
Primary Purpose
Treatment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Masking Description
Participants are randomly assigned to listen to either music containing embedded binaural beats or similar music without binaural beats. Participants are not informed which listening condition they receive.

Arm Groups

ArmDescriptionAssigned Intervention
Experimental
Binaural Beats Stimulation (BBS)
Participants receive music containing embedded binaural beats.
  • Behavioral: Music-Based Binaural Beats Stimulation
    Participants will receive 12 supervised binaural beats stimulation sessions over six weeks, with two sessions conducted per week. During each session, participants will listen through headphones to 20 minutes of music containing embedded binaural beats. Music will be selected based on each participant's preferred genre from available options.
Sham Comparator
Music Control
Participants receive similar music without embedded binaural beats.
  • Behavioral: Music Listening Without Binaural Beats
    Participants will receive 12 supervised music-listening sessions over six weeks, with two sessions conducted per week. During each session, participants will listen through headphones to 20 minutes of music without embedded binaural beats. The music, listening duration, session schedule, setting, and available genre options will be similar to those provided to the experimental group.

Recruiting Locations

California State University, San Bernardino
San Bernardino, California 92407
Contact:
Zhaojing Chen, Ph.D.
909-537-5358
zhaojing.chen@csusb.edu

More Details

Status
Recruiting
Sponsor
California State University, San Bernardino

Study Contact

Zhaojing Chen, Ph.D.
909-537-5358
zhaojing.chen@csusb.edu

Detailed Description

This randomized controlled study will examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of a six-week, music-based binaural beats stimulation (BBS) intervention in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study aims to enroll 40 adults between 18 and 55 years of age with a previous ADHD diagnosis. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the BBS intervention group or the control group, with approximately 20 participants in each group. During the first study visit, participants will provide informed consent and complete demographic and mental health questionnaires. ADHD symptoms will be assessed using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Participants will also complete baseline cognitive assessments using the CogniFit Research platform. The assessment battery will evaluate cognitive abilities related to attention, memory, coordination, and reasoning. Participants will then attend 12 supervised listening sessions over six weeks, with two sessions conducted each week. Each listening session will include 20 minutes of music delivered through headphones. Participants assigned to the intervention group will listen to music containing embedded binaural beats, while participants assigned to the control group will listen to similar music without binaural beats. Before each listening session, participants will rest quietly for five minutes, after which heart rate and blood pressure will be measured and readiness to participate will be assessed. After the six-week intervention, participants will complete the same cognitive assessment battery administered at baseline. Changes in cognitive outcomes from baseline to six weeks will be compared between the intervention and control groups. Session attendance and participant retention will also be evaluated as indicators of intervention feasibility and acceptability.