A Sensory Strategy to Cut Sugary Beverages in African/American and Latine Adolescents
Purpose
The goal of this clinical trial is to test whether replacing sugary sodas with unsweetened, flavored sparkling waters can reduce added sugar intake and improve health in Black/African American and Latine adolescents with obesity who prefer sweet-tasting beverages. The main questions it aims to answer are: - Does replacing sugary sodas with water change liking for sugary drinks, and water? - Do shifts in liking for sweetness lead to improved diet quality and cardiometabolic health? Researchers will compare replacing sugary sodas with one of three alternative beverages: unsweetened sparkling water, plain water, and beverages with gradually reduced sugar to determine which strategy is most effective. Participants will: - Replace sugary sodas with study drinks for 4 weeks - Complete taste tests to measure their liking for and sensory experience of sweetness over 8-weeks - Provide dietary recalls, body measurements, and blood samples over 8-weeks
Conditions
- Obesity, Adolescent
- Dietary Sugars
- Taste Perception
- Insulin Resistance
- Feeding Behavior
Eligibility
- Eligible Ages
- Between 12 Years and 18 Years
- Eligible Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- Adolescents ages 12 to 18 who display a "sweet-liker" pattern, characterized by a preference for higher concentrations of sugar in beverages, specifically identifying 0.3M (10.3% sucrose) or above as their most liked sample. - Adolescents consumes sugar-sweetened soda greater than or equal to 2 times per week. Adolescents must also indicate a willingness to drink study beverages; not currently dieting/changing diet.
Exclusion Criteria
- Adolescent participant is pregnant, since pregnancy affects taste perception - Participant is allergic or intolerant to the items we are testing. - Adolescent with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (self-declared or detected at screening visit through fasting glucose) - Use of GLP-1 receptor agonists intended for weight loss.
Study Design
- Phase
- N/A
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel Assignment
- Intervention Model Description
- Participants are randomly assigned to one of three parallel intervention arms for 4 weeks: (1) replacement of sugary sodas with unsweetened, flavored sparkling water (USW), (2) replacement with sodas containing progressively reduced sugar levels (PRS), or (3) replacement with plain water (PW). All participants are followed for an additional 4-week period to assess maintenance of changes.
- Primary Purpose
- Prevention
- Masking
- None (Open Label)
- Masking Description
- Not applicable. This is an open-label study; no parties are masked.
Arm Groups
| Arm | Description | Assigned Intervention |
|---|---|---|
|
Experimental Unsweetened Sparkling Water (USW) |
Participants in this group will replace all sugar-sweetened sodas with flavored, unsweetened sparkling waters for 4 weeks. |
|
|
Experimental Progressively Reduced Sugar (PRS) |
Participants in this group will replace sugar-sweetened sodas with carbonated beverages that contain decreasing levels of sugar each week over a 4-week period, ending with a fully unsweetened sparkling water. |
|
|
Active Comparator Plain Water (PW) |
Participants in this group will replace all sugar-sweetened sodas with plain, still water for 4 weeks. This arm serves as a control to compare outcomes against both the unsweetened sparkling water and gradually reduced sugar beverage interventions. |
|
Recruiting Locations
Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
More Details
- Status
- Recruiting
- Sponsor
- Nana Gletsu Miller
Detailed Description
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of replacing sugar-sweetened sodas with unsweetened, flavored sparkling waters, progressively sugar-reduced sodas, or plain water in adolescents who are classified as "sweet-likers"-individuals who prefer higher concentrations of sugar in beverages. The study focuses on a high-risk group: adolescents ages 12-18 who self-identify as Black/African American or Latine and have obesity (BMI >95th percentile). 63 adolescents who are classified as sweet-likers and meet additional inclusion criteria will be enrolled in a randomized 3-arm intervention for 4 weeks, with an additional 4-week follow-up period. Participants will be randomized into one of the following groups: USW (Unsweetened Sparkling Water): Replaces sodas with flavored, unsweetened carbonated water. PRS (Progressively Reduced Sugar): Replaces sodas with carbonated beverages with decreasing sugar concentrations, ending with unsweetened carbonated water. PW (Plain Water - Control): Replaces sodas with still, plain water. Participants will replace all typical sugary sodas with study beverages during the 4-week intervention. Study assessments include sensory testing for liking, sweetness intensity, and "just about right" level of sweetness in sparkling and plain water at baseline, week 2, week 4, and week 8. Additionally, dietary intake (via 24-hour dietary recalls), anthropometrics (height, weight, waist circumference), blood pressure, and blood biomarkers (fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides) will be measured at baseline, week 4, and week 8. The primary hypothesis is that exposure to unsweetened beverages (especially in the USW and PRS groups) will reduce participants' liking for higher concentrations of sugar in beverages and increasing liking for lower concentrations of sugar in beverages. It is also hypothesized that these changes may correspond with improvements in cardiometabolic markers, particularly serum triglycerides. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood pressure, and body weight will also be measured but are less likely to shift in the relatively short time period (8 weeks). This trial addresses the persistent challenge of high SSB consumption in racial and ethnic minority adolescents-a group that faces disproportionate risk of obesity, prediabetes, and cardiometabolic disease. By integrating sensory science with behavior change, this intervention seeks to develop more effective strategies to support reduced sugar intake in adolescents who have strong preferences for sweetness.