Brain Stimulation Paired With Structured Reading Instruction in Children With Dyslexia
Purpose
This study investigates whether transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) delivered during structured reading instruction affects reading proficiency in children with developmental dyslexia and related reading disabilities. Children aged 7 to 17 who have been identified as having dyslexia or reading difficulties are randomly assigned in equal numbers to receive either active stimulation or sham (placebo) stimulation while completing structured reading instruction. Participants wear a non-invasive transcranial electrical stimulation headset that delivers a low-level electrical current through electrodes resting on the scalp. Sessions typically last 20 to 30 minutes and may take place at home or in person at a participating site. A trained adult is present and supervising for every session. Reading proficiency is measured with standardized assessments before and after the intervention period. A follow-up assessment may be conducted up to 12 months after the intervention ends. The device used in this study is investigational and has not been approved or cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Conditions
- Dyslexia
- Reading Disability
Eligibility
- Eligible Ages
- Between 7 Years and 17 Years
- Eligible Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- No
Inclusion Criteria
- Children aged 7 to 17 years inclusive - Diagnosed with developmental dyslexia or related reading disability, OR exhibiting reading difficulties consistent with developmental dyslexia (for example, performing below the participant's expected grade level on a standardized reading assessment), as identified by the participant's educator, reading practitioner, caregiver, or clinician. A formal clinical diagnosis is not required for enrollment. - Concurrently receiving or able to receive structured reading instruction during the intervention period - Parent or legal guardian able and willing to provide informed permission - Participant able and willing to provide age-appropriate assent
Exclusion Criteria
- History of epilepsy or any seizure disorder - Active skin disease, open wounds, or significant skin irritation at electrode contact sites - Implanted electronic medical devices where stimulation would be contraindicated per device manufacturer guidance or investigator judgment after individual risk assessment - Significant cognitive impairment beyond reading-related difficulties that would interfere with assent or study participation - Any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, would compromise participant safety or the integrity of the study data
Study Design
- Phase
- N/A
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Parallel Assignment
- Intervention Model Description
- Two parallel arms, active tES and sham tES, each paired with the same structured reading instruction. Participants are randomized 1:1, with stratification by site or cohort as applicable.
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
- Masking Description
- The Sub-Investigator holds the stimulation assignment and is not masked. Assignment is not disclosed to the Principal Investigator until all outcome data are collected and locked and primary analyses are finalized. The trained adult supervising each pediatric session is not informed of assignment.
Arm Groups
| Arm | Description | Assigned Intervention |
|---|---|---|
|
Experimental Active Stimulation |
Participants receive active transcranial electrical stimulation delivered through a non-invasive scalp-mounted headset while completing structured reading instruction. Stimulation amplitude and session duration are selected per cohort from the declared pediatric parameter envelope, with current ramping at session start and end. Sessions are typically 20 to 30 minutes, with a maximum of 30 total sessions per participant. A trained adult supervises every session. |
|
|
Sham Comparator Sham Stimulation |
Participants receive sham stimulation through the same non-invasive scalp-mounted headset while completing the same structured reading instruction. Sham provides the sensory experience of stimulation onset without sustained current delivery. The specific validated sham approach is selected and documented per cohort. A trained adult supervises every session. |
|
Recruiting Locations
Boston, Massachusetts 02131
More Details
- Status
- Recruiting
- Sponsor
- General Neuro Inc.
Detailed Description
Regulatory pathway: because developmental dyslexia and related learning disabilities are considered diseases by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for purposes of device classification, the investigational use of tES in this study falls within FDA jurisdiction. The study is conducted under the abbreviated investigational device exemption pathway on the basis of an IRB non-significant risk determination under 21 CFR 812.2(b). No IDE number is issued by FDA for a study conducted under this pathway. The study is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled investigation. Participants are randomized 1:1 to active or sham stimulation, with stratification by site or cohort as applicable. Neither participants nor the research team conducting outcome assessments are aware of assignment during data collection. Stimulation assignment is held by the Sub-Investigator and is not disclosed to the Principal Investigator until all outcome data are collected and locked and primary analyses are finalized. Sessions may be delivered by decentralized at-home administration, on-site administration at partner schools, tutoring centers and clinical practices, or a hybrid of the two. For all pediatric sessions a trained adult, who may be a parent, legal guardian, or a trained study team member such as a tutor or educator, is required to be present and supervising for the duration of each session. Supervisors complete training on electrode placement, device operation, and adverse event recognition before the first session. The protocol declares a bounded parameter envelope within which specific stimulation parameters, reading instruction methods, partner sites, and assessment instruments may be selected per cohort without protocol amendment. All parameters operate within the LOTES-2023 limited-output standard for transcranial electrical stimulation devices. For pediatric participants the declared envelope permits 0 to 2 mA average absolute current, a maximum current density of 2 mA/cm2 at the electrode contact area, a maximum session duration of 60 minutes subject to a 6000 mC total-charge-per-session ceiling, and a maximum of 30 total sessions per participant. Anticipated session durations are 20 to 30 minutes. Concurrent structured reading instruction may follow any evidence-based structured literacy method, including Orton-Gillingham-based and Lindamood-Bell approaches. Reading assessments are administered by qualified practitioners, including reading specialists, certified educators, or other personnel trained in administration of the selected instrument. Because assessment instruments and specific stimulation parameters are selected per cohort within the declared envelope, each enrollment cohort has a cohort-specific Statistical Analysis Plan finalized and locked prior to unblinding of that cohort.