Effects of Beef-Forward Ready-to-Eat Meals on Recovery Following Simulated Fire Suppression Activities
Purpose
This clinical trial aims to determine whether consuming beef-based protein before and after physically demanding simulated firefighting activities improves recovery, physical performance, and cognitive performance in healthy adult firefighters. The study will also compare beef-based protein meals with plant-based protein meals. The main questions this study aims to answer are: Does consuming beef-based protein reduce changes in markers of muscle damage, physiological stress, and muscle soreness following a simulated fire ground test? Does consuming beef-based protein help maintain or improve physical and cognitive performance during recovery compared with plant-based protein? Researchers will compare two ready-to-eat meal conditions: beef-based protein, and plant-based protein. Each participant will complete all two conditions in a randomized crossover design, with 14 to 21 days between conditions.
Conditions
- Physical Performance Parameters
- Exercise Recovery
- Cognition
- Muscle Damage
- Blood Biomarkers
- Stress
Eligibility
- Eligible Ages
- Between 18 Years and 60 Years
- Eligible Sex
- All
- Accepts Healthy Volunteers
- Yes
Inclusion Criteria
- 18 to 60 years of age - Current trained male or female firefighter with the Fort Worth Fire Department - Able to comply with all study procedures and the study timeline - Willing to consume only the study-provided ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) during designated study periods - Willing to refrain from alcohol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, and over-the-counter pain medications for 48 hours before testing sessions - Available to complete the study visits and required testing procedures
Exclusion Criteria
- Younger than 18 years or older than 60 years - Not a current firefighter with the Fort Worth Fire Department - Pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant during the study - Orthopedic or musculoskeletal limitations that prevent safe completion of the vertical jump or simulated fire ground test - Use of weight-loss dietary supplements or medications within the previous 2 weeks - Unwilling to refrain from alcohol, NSAIDs, aspirin, or over-the-counter pain medications for 48 hours before testing sessions - Unwilling or unable to consume only the study-provided RTEM during designated study periods - Heavy smoking, defined as more than 1 pack of cigarettes per day during the previous 3 months - Allergy to any of the protein sources or study foods
Study Design
- Phase
- N/A
- Study Type
- Interventional
- Allocation
- Randomized
- Intervention Model
- Crossover Assignment
- Primary Purpose
- Treatment
- Masking
- Double (Participant, Investigator)
Arm Groups
| Arm | Description | Assigned Intervention |
|---|---|---|
|
Experimental Beef-Based Protein Ready-to-Eat Meals |
Participants will consume beef-based protein ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) during this experimental condition. Meals will provide approximately 700.- 800 kcal, 80 g carbohydrate, 50 g protein, and 30 g fat per meal, with lean beef serving as the primary protein source. The dietary intervention is designed to provide a total daily protein intake consistent with study targets. Participants will consume the study-provided meals surrounding the simulated fire ground testing and recovery period, with physiological, cognitive, and physical performance outcomes assessed during recovery. |
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Active Comparator Plant-Based Protein Ready-to-Eat Meals |
Participants will consume plant-based protein ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) during this comparator condition. Meals will be designed to approximate the energy and macronutrient content of the pork-based condition, providing approximately 700-800 kcal, 80 g carbohydrate, 50 g protein, and 30 g fat per meal, with plant-based foods such as soy, tempeh, or tofu as the primary protein sources. Participants will consume the study-provided meals surrounding the simulated fire ground testing and recovery period, with the same physiological, cognitive, and physical performance outcomes assessed. |
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Recruiting Locations
Fort Worth, Texas 76115
Huntsville, Texas 77340
More Details
- Status
- Recruiting
- Sponsor
- Sam Houston State University
Detailed Description
Firefighting is a physically and cognitively demanding occupation characterized by repeated exposure to strenuous activity, heat stress, heavy personal protective equipment, and time-sensitive occupational tasks. These demands can produce substantial physiological stress and fatigue that may influence recovery and readiness for subsequent occupational activities. Despite the importance of maintaining readiness between demanding events, relatively little is known about how short-term dietary strategies, particularly protein source and intake, influence recovery in career firefighters. This study will examine the effects of short-term consumption of ready-to-eat meals (RTEM) differing in protein source and quantity on physiological recovery and occupational performance following strenuous simulated firefighting activity. The study uses a randomized, double-blind, repeated-measures crossover design in healthy adult career firefighters. Participants will complete two experimental conditions separated by a 14- to 21-day washout period. The dietary conditions consist of beef-based protein RTEM and plant-based protein RTEM. The beef- and plant-based conditions are designed to provide comparable energy and macronutrient intake while allowing investigation of potential differences associated with protein source. During each experimental condition, participants will complete a simulated fire ground test (FGT) consisting of nine occupationally relevant firefighting tasks while wearing personal protective equipment and a self-contained breathing apparatus. The FGT includes hose deployment and pulling, charged hose deployment, equipment carrying, a low-room search, forcible entry, ladder carrying, stair climbing and hose hoisting, ceiling breach activities, and a victim-dummy drag. Measures of FGT completion time, heart rate, air consumption, and work efficiency will be collected to characterize occupational performance and physiological demand. Recovery will be evaluated before the simulated firefighting activity and during the subsequent recovery period. Assessments will characterize blood-based markers of catabolism, immune stress, muscle damage, and clinical safety, as well as muscle soreness, mood, cognitive function, vertical jump performance, and subsequent occupational performance. The primary hypothesis is that the beef-based RTEM condition will attenuate catabolic responses, immune stress, muscle damage, soreness, and perceptions of fatigue following the FGT while supporting the maintenance or recovery of cognitive and physical performance. The inclusion of plant-based protein condition will help determine whether recovery responses differ according to dietary protein source and protein quantity. The findings are intended to provide preliminary evidence regarding practical, food-based nutritional strategies that may support recovery and occupational readiness among firefighters following strenuous firefighting activity.